A Comparative Study of Orthographic and Isometric Manual Drawing Methods on Accuracy in Object Reconstruction Among Architecture Students of National University – Mall of Asia.
Document Types
Paper Presentation
Research Theme (for Paper Presentation and Poster Presentation submissions only)
21st Century Learning and Innovations (CLI)
School Name
National University - Mall of Asia
Track or Strand
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
Research Advisor (Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial)
Marticio, Jordan Austin O.
Start Date
25-6-2026 10:30 AM
End Date
25-6-2026 12:00 AM
Zoom Link/ Room Assignment
Online: https://zoom.us/j/91936856247?pwd=oCMfMsh44I2wb0dYsEgoInDJy59bOq.1 Meeting ID: 919 3685 6247 | Passcode: research
Abstract/Executive Summary
Spatial visualization is a fundamental competency in architectural education, as it enables students to interpret two-dimensional representations and mentally reconstruct three-dimensional forms. With regards, manual technical drawing methods, particularly orthographic and isometric projections, are used to develop this skill; however, empirical comparisons of their effectiveness in supporting accurate object reconstruction remain limited in the Philippine setting. Therefore, this study aims to compare the accuracy of object reconstruction among architecture students using orthographic and isometric manual drawing methods, specifically in terms of deviation rates and number of errors. Furthermore, a comparative quantitative research design was employed involving thirty architecture students from the National University–Mall of Asia with prior experience in basic technical drawing. Moreover, participants were purposively selected and divided into two independent groups: orthographic (n = 15) and isometric (n = 15). Subsequently, a standardized hand-drafting performance test was administered using a miniature architectural model as the reference object. In addition, reconstruction accuracy was measured through a researcher-made rubric and measurement checklist, while descriptive statistics summarized the error distributions, and an independent samples t-test determined whether a significant difference existed between the methods. This study compared orthographic and isometric drawing accuracy among architecture students. Isometric showed slightly more errors (M = 12.97) compared to orthographic (M = 11.36), while orthographic drawings showed more consistent but had larger dimensional deviations. Overall accuracy was similar (isometric: 47.16%; orthographic: 47.08%; p = 0.982), indicating no significant difference. Both methods are equally effective, complementary, and essential for developing students’ spatial visualization skills.
Keywords
spatial visualization; orthographic drawing; isometric drawing; object reconstruction accuracy; architectural education
Initial Consent for Publication
yes
Statement of Originality
yes
A Comparative Study of Orthographic and Isometric Manual Drawing Methods on Accuracy in Object Reconstruction Among Architecture Students of National University – Mall of Asia.
Spatial visualization is a fundamental competency in architectural education, as it enables students to interpret two-dimensional representations and mentally reconstruct three-dimensional forms. With regards, manual technical drawing methods, particularly orthographic and isometric projections, are used to develop this skill; however, empirical comparisons of their effectiveness in supporting accurate object reconstruction remain limited in the Philippine setting. Therefore, this study aims to compare the accuracy of object reconstruction among architecture students using orthographic and isometric manual drawing methods, specifically in terms of deviation rates and number of errors. Furthermore, a comparative quantitative research design was employed involving thirty architecture students from the National University–Mall of Asia with prior experience in basic technical drawing. Moreover, participants were purposively selected and divided into two independent groups: orthographic (n = 15) and isometric (n = 15). Subsequently, a standardized hand-drafting performance test was administered using a miniature architectural model as the reference object. In addition, reconstruction accuracy was measured through a researcher-made rubric and measurement checklist, while descriptive statistics summarized the error distributions, and an independent samples t-test determined whether a significant difference existed between the methods. This study compared orthographic and isometric drawing accuracy among architecture students. Isometric showed slightly more errors (M = 12.97) compared to orthographic (M = 11.36), while orthographic drawings showed more consistent but had larger dimensional deviations. Overall accuracy was similar (isometric: 47.16%; orthographic: 47.08%; p = 0.982), indicating no significant difference. Both methods are equally effective, complementary, and essential for developing students’ spatial visualization skills.
https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/conf_shsrescon/2026/BoA_CLI/3