Date of Publication

3-2026

Document Type

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Biology major in Medical Biology

Subject Categories

Biology

College

College of Science

Department/Unit

Biology

Thesis Advisor

Priscilla Hope P. Swann

Defense Panel Chair

Laurence E. Robles

Defense Panel Member

Shad Natthew S. Arce


John Martin S. Mondragon

Abstract (English)

Rapid rates of urbanization in Manila City have undeniably caused the decline of the local ecosystem due to habitat loss and fragmentation. However, many species of birds prevail and adapt to the urban environment. The study aims to identify the species that have adapted and to analyze the diversity, abundance, and behavior in relation to urban factors of avian species using diversity indices, descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics. The bird surveys were conducted across three urban green spaces using a point count method with sixteen fixed observation points established at 100-250 m intervals. Data on bird count, activity, and environmental factors were collected from June and July 2025 and were analyzed. There were 2,957 birds recorded during the data collection revealing Luneta Park had the greatest avian abundance, followed by DLSU-Manila and Arroceros Park. Analysis using Friedman test revealed significant differences in bird abundance between the green spaces while Wilcoxon matched-pairs test revealed that the median of bird abundance in all three green spaces were unequal. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson’s revealed that Arroceros Forest Park showed the highest diversity and evenness, followed by Rizal Park with moderate diversity and unevenness, while DLSU showed the lowest diversity. Additionally, the findings of a chi-square test presented that bird activities were affected by noise level and human presence, suggesting that avian activity was reduced when the disturbances were at high levels. Better urban planning measures must be put in place to ensure the conservation of ecosystems that play a significant role in supporting biodiversity, including avian species.

Abstract Format

html

Abstract (Filipino)

Hindi maipagkakaila na dahil sa urbanisasyon sa Lungsod ng Maynila ay ilan sa mga lokal na ekosistema at likas na tahanan ng mga hayop ay unti-unting nasira. Gayunpaman, maraming klase ng mga ibon ang nagagawang mamuhay at lumaganap sa ganitong klase ng kapaligiran. Ang saliksik na ito ay naglalayong tukuyin ang mga partikular na species ng ibon na laganap sa urban na kapaligiran, at suriin ang kanilang pagkakaiba-iba, kasaganahan, at pati na rin ang pag-uugali at pagkilos ayon sa kanilang paligid gamit ang diversity indices, descriptive, at non-parametric inferential statistical tests. Ang mga bird survey ay ginawa sa tatlong green spaces sa lungsod at ginamitan ng point count method na mayroong labing-anim na observation points na may 100-250 metro na layo sa bawat isa. Ang mga datos sa bilang ng ibon, aktibidad, at kondisyon ng paligid ay kinolekta mula Hunyo hanggang Hulyo 2025 at ginamitan ng descriptive statistics. Mayroong naitalang 2,957 na ibon sa pangongolekta ng datos kung saan ang Luneta Park ang nakapagtala ng pinakamaraming ibon, sumunod ang DLSU-Manila, at ang Arroceros Park. Ipinakita ng pagsusuri gamit ang Friedman Test na may significant difference ang kasaganahan ng mga ibon sa bawat green space, na mas pinagtibay pa ng Wilcoxon Test. Ang diversity indices naman tulad ng Shannon at Simpson’s ay ipinakita na ang Arroceros Forest Park ang nakapagtala ng pinaka malaking pagkakaiba at pagkapantay-pantay ng species, kasunod rito ang Rizal park na may katamtamang resulta pero walang pagkakapantay-pantay, habang ang DLSU ang may pinaka mababa. Gamit naman ang chi-square, nakitang mayroong kabaligtarang ugnayan ang aktibidad ng ibon sa ingay ng paligid at dami ng tao sa lugar. Inirerekomendang magkaroon ng mabusising pagpaplano ng pagtatayo ng siyudad upang mapanatili ang integridad ng ekosistema na kayang pangalagaan ang mga ibon at iba pang uri ng buhay.

Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Electronic

Keywords

Birds--Philippines--Manila; Urban ecology (Biology)--Philippines; Parks--Philippines--Manila

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Embargo Period

4-17-2026

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