Date of Publication

7-2025

Document Type

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Biology major in Medical Biology

Subject Categories

Animal Sciences

College

College of Science

Department/Unit

Biology

Thesis Advisor

Patricio Elvin L. Cantiller

Defense Panel Chair

John Paul S. Domingo

Defense Panel Member

Marigold O. Uba
Gliceria B. Ramos

Abstract (English)

The therapeutic potential of plant extracts, particularly belonging to the genus Citrus within the Rutaceae family, has been well-recognized due to their rich content of vitamins and bioactive compounds that offer significant health benefits. However, the specific effects of calamansi by-products on vascular development have not been thoroughly studied and remain underexplored. This study screened the effects of calamansi (x Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands) peel extracts on angiogenesis in the embryos of the Philippine Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) based on six key vascular parameters to evaluate blood vessel formation as an indicator of growth and development. The experimental design included two control groups 1 and 2, with no manipulations and with physiological saline solution, respectively, and three treatment groups administered with doses 1, 2, and 3, i.e., 200 µg/egg, 500 µg/egg, and 1000 µg/egg, respectively of the calamansi peel crude extract. The ImageJ Vessel Analysis and Angiogenesis Analyzer plugins were utilized to present blood vessel formation, growth extension, and complexity with the following vascular parameters: vascular density, number of segments, branches, peaces, meshes, and junctions. Results suggest a non-linear relationship, wherein samples treated with dose 2 showed the most favorable vascular development with increased vascular growth and complexity when compared to doses 1 and 3 and relative to the control group. In contrast, doses 1 and 3 led to decreased vascular parameters, suggesting potential inhibitory or toxic effects at suboptimal and excessive dosages. These findings align with the non-monotonic dose-response pattern, where intermediate doses yield optimal responses while extreme doses are less effective. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the potential effects of calamansi peel extract in promoting angiogenesis, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Abstract Format

html

Abstract (Filipino)

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Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Electronic

Keywords

Blood-vessels—Growth; Ducks—Embryos

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Embargo Period

8-13-2028

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Available for download on Sunday, August 13, 2028

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