Extraction of local ginger essential oil using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and steam distillation

Date of Publication

2007

Document Type

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

Subject Categories

Chemical Engineering

College

Gokongwei College of Engineering

Department/Unit

Chemical Engineering

Thesis Adviser

Marylou Uy

Defense Panel Chair

Susan A. Roces

Defense Panel Member

Pag-asa D. Gaspillo
Florinda F. Bacani

Abstract/Summary

Ginger oil was extracted from the air-dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinale by steam distillation and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Conditions for MAE were varied and the setting with ethanol as solvent, 1 minute extraction time at 60°C, 20 g sample per 70 ml solvent, gave the highest yield of 2.185%. For steam distillation where 200 g sample was distilled for 4 hours at room temperature, the yield was only 0.180%. Physicochemical tests of the steam distilled oil gave the following values: refractive index (25°), 1.48 specific gravity (25°), 0.86 acid and ester numbers were 3.83 and 8.67 respectively. For the MAE, refractive index was undetermined due to the color, acid number was 0.012, ester number was 0.028 and the specific gravity (25°) was 0.762. The GC-MS analyses of the extracts were also determined and steam distilled oil were found to contain the following compounds: zingiberene, sesquiphellandrene, farnesene, phellandrene, nerolidol, geranial, curcumene and linalool. Of the major components mentioned by Yonei et al (1995) and Macleod et al (1987) only neral and camphene were undetected. Geranial was responsible for the lemony odor and phellandrene was the major volatile component of local steam distilled oil. On the other hand, the MAE extract contained both the volatile and the non-volatile components of ginger. Zingiberene was the major volatile compound and gingerol was the main non-volatile component. The MAE extract which was viscous and dark brown in color is the oleoresin. Thus, MAE alone was not able to recover the essential oil therefore further extraction procedure must be performed to separate the essential oil from the oleoresin.

Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Print

Accession Number

TU13988

Shelf Location

Archives, The Learning Commons, 12F, Henry Sy Sr. Hall

Physical Description

vi, 96 leaves: ill.; 29 cm.

Keywords

Essences and essential oils

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