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JEL Classification System

A13, D57, F43

Abstract

The ongoing relocation of production activities from China to Southeast Asia, driven by geopolitical and supply chain restructuring, has created new opportunities for ASEAN economies to enhance their positions in regional and global value chains. This study examines trends in cooperation and competition in value-added creation among ASEAN countries during 2015–2025 using the Multiregional Input–Output (MRIO) analysis. The results show significant differences in sectoral value-added growth across ASEAN members. Vietnam and Cambodia recorded the highest growth rates, particularly in manufacturing industries, whereas Singapore maintained its leading position in high-value and technology-intensive sectors. In contrast, Thailand and Malaysia experienced moderate growth, and several sectors in Indonesia showed slower performance. Notably, Vietnam emerged as the leading value-added contributor in the textile and garment industry by 2025. The findings indicate that the global production shift has intensified competition among ASEAN countries to attract investment and capture higher-value-added activities, with Vietnam, Cambodia, and Singapore demonstrating strong advantages in different segments of regional production networks.

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