Selected civil society groups in Japan, Thailand, and the Philippines as sustainable tourism regime entrepreneurs

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College

College of Liberal Arts

Department/Unit

International Studies

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Source Title

DLSU Research Congress 2020

Publication Date

6-2020

Abstract

At the core of international regimes are environmental issues and tourism is one area where international bodies like the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) have given attention in recent decades. The UNWTO has created a set of formalized norms for sustainable tourism embodied in the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) which is an evolving regime. Meanwhile, civil society groups have now been more positively recognized in their involvement in the implementation of regime laws. Conservation International Philippines and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Philippines, Wakayama University’s Faculty of Tourism and Center for Tourism Research in Japan, and Khiri Travel Thailand as the selected civil society groups for this study have demonstrated in their norm diffusion at the domestic level their capacity as regime entrepreneurs of the GCET. A qualitative case study approach is employed using multiple cases bound by in-depth data collection from interviews with six key informants from the four groups supplemented by archival and government documents, and online periodicals. Thematic content analysis is used in analyzing the interview data to identify common patterns across data set. The data reveal the strategies employed by these groups in diffusing the regime norms, as well as the adherence of these strategies to the GCET’s provisions. The conclusion affirms the crucial role of civil society in the adaptation of global advocacy strategies to accommodate local environments.

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Disciplines

Environmental Studies | Tourism

Keywords

Sustainable tourism—Asia; Civil society—Asia

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