Mutations associated with fungicide resistance in Colletotrichum species: A review

College

College of Science

Department/Unit

Biology

Document Type

Article

Source Title

Phytoparasitica

Volume

51

First Page

569

Last Page

592

Publication Date

2023

Abstract

Anthracnose is an important plant disease often caused by Colletotrichum spp. Fungicide resistance is a major challenge in controlling anthracnose. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) reports that Colletotrichum species develop resistance against methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBC), quinone-outside inhibitors (QoI), and demethylation inhibitors (DMI) fungicide classes. The high resistance of Colletotrichum species to MBC fungicides is attributed to the substitution of glutamic acid (E) with alanine (A) or lysine (K) in codon 198 of the nuclear β-tubulin (TUB2) gene (E198A/K mutation). Meanwhile, moderate MBC resistance is attributed to the substitution of phenylalanine (F) with tyrosine (Y) in codon 200 of TUB2 (F200Y mutation). High QoI-resistance is associated with the substitution of glycine (G) with alanine (A) in codon 143 of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene (G143A mutation). On the other hand, moderate QoI resistance is attributed to the substitution of phenylalanine (F) with leucine (L) in codon 129 of CYTB (F129L mutation). In contrast to MBC- and QoI-resistance, which are associated with point mutations in the target genes, complex nucleotide mutations for DMI-resistance occur in the nuclear sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) gene. Taken together, these mutations in nucleotide/codon sequences cause changes in the translated amino acid residues, resulting in altered structure of proteins targeted by fungicides, thus affecting fungicide binding and effectivity. The underlying molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance caused by these mutations, including the other resistance mechanisms independent from genetic mutations, are also reviewed. The distribution and phylogeography of reported Colletotrichum species that exhibit fungicide resistance are also discussed.

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Disciplines

Biology

Keywords

Colletotrichum—Diseases and pests; Fungicide resistance

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