The Japan-Philippine reparations negotiations: Formal draft of the agreement and points of conflict

Yoko Yoshikawa

Department/Unit

History

Document Type

Article

Source Title

Acta Humanistica et Scientifica Universitatis Sangio Kyotiensis

Volume

14

Issue

2

First Page

186

Last Page

225

Publication Date

3-1985

Abstract

This paper attempts to analyze the how(s) and the why(s) of provisions of the Reparations Agreement and the Economic Development Loan Agreement negotiated between Japan and the Philippines, from February to April of 1956. Particular emphasis is given to analysis of the articles of the final draft which are the result of compromises.

The paper first explains how Toshio Urabe and Felino Neri reached a preliminary agreement on March 1st. Then, it describes the strong pressure by the Japanese ex-Liberal Faction of the LDP for inclusion of an article on trade expansion and the sending a special mission to Manila; The objections to this by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and finally the agreement of the latter to compromise.

Furthermore, the paper analyzes why Sinsuke Kishi, then Secretary General of the LDP, chose Aiichiro Fujiyama as the Prime Minister's personal envoy to Manila and his role as envoy. The choice apparently was a political decision.

The Urabe-Lanuza talks on the draft which began on March 20th, revealed various kinds of differences in the understandings of the preliminary drafts of Japan and the Philippines.

The Philippines, which found the Japanese draft intentionally too ambigious, wanted clearer and more precise provisions. Japan, on the other hand, looked at the Philippine argument as pre-occupied with unnecessary suspicion and distrust against Japan. Japan conceeded to the Philippines in largely technical measures but firmly defended her in those provisions vitally affect Japan's economic and financial burdens.

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Disciplines

Diplomatic History

Note

Written in Japanese

Series Title

International Relations Series No. 12

Keywords

Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes; International relations—History; Philippines—Foreign relations—Japan; Philippines—Foreign relations—1946-1973

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