Date of Publication

7-2026

Document Type

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Biology

Subject Categories

Biology

College

College of Science

Department/Unit

Biology

Thesis Advisor

Chona Camille V. Abeledo

Defense Panel Chair

Antonio Samuel S. Mamauag

Defense Panel Member

Hilarie P. Orario
Laurence E. Robles

Abstract (English)

Box jellyfish (Class Cubozoa) are recognized as one of the most venomous marine organisms and often pose serious risks when encountered. Despite their potential dangers, genetic studies on the species of box jellyfish present in the Philippines remain limited. This study aimed to (1) identify box jellyfish present in Lian, Batangas, using genetic techniques, (2) assess their phylogeny and genetic diversity, and (3) provide baseline data on local knowledge regarding box jellyfish-related encounters to serve as jump-off points for strategies to minimize accidents and promote coexistence. COI markers identified at least two species of box jellyfish inhabiting the coastal areas of Lian, Batangas, which include the deadly Chironex yamaguchii and showed low identity matches to Meteorona kishinouyei, a species that has not yet been documented in the Philippines. Results from the phylogenetic tree showed six (6) of the eleven samples grouped closely with C. yamaguchii with strong confidence values. One (1) sample showed that it is closely related to C. indrasaksajiae, while the other four (4) showed weak confidence of being M. kishinouyei. AMOVA confirms that the box jellyfish samples from Lian, Batangas, exhibit high genetic diversity, with greater variation occurring within species rather than between them. In addition, FST p-values highlighted that six (6) of the C. yamaguchii samples were genetically distinct from their reference sequences from Japan and the Philippines, while M. kishinouyei samples showed no difference from theirs. However, all eleven (11) samples showed that they are genetically similar to C. Indrasaksajiae, M. kishinouyei, and C. Arborifera, which contradicts the initial species identification. These findings highlight the need for localized public awareness, strengthening local policy implementation, and risk management strategies. Future research should increase sample size, expand sampling to nearby areas, use other genetic markers for higher resolution, and combine molecular and morphological data for better species identification. Establishing a local genetic database and conducting whole genome sequencing will address proper identification and improve the identification of possible cryptic species.

Abstract Format

html

Abstract (Filipino)

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Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Electronic

Keywords

Cubomedusae--Philippines--Batangas

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Embargo Period

8-5-2026

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Available for download on Wednesday, August 05, 2026

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