Evaluation of leaf extracts from selected Philippine plants against Colletotrichum scovillei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, the causal agent of anthracnose in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Date of Publication
10-2025
Document Type
Bachelor's Thesis
Degree Name
Bachelor of Science in Biology major in Medical Biology
Subject Categories
Plant Sciences
College
College of Science
Department/Unit
Biology
Thesis Advisor
Mark Angelo O. Balendres
Defense Panel Chair
Dennis A. Dolojan
Defense Panel Member
Mark Christian Felipe R. Redillas
John Paul S. Domingo
Abstract (English)
Anthracnose disease poses a serious threat to pepper production in Asia, including the Philippines. Colletotrichum scovillei causes sunken necrotic lesions on fruits, reducing quality, yield losses, and economic damage. A narrative review revealed growing interest in plant extracts as sustainable antifungal agents against Colletotrichum species. However, reports specifically targeting C. scovillei remain limited. To address this gap, this study isolated and identified C. scovillei from infected pepper fruits. The pathogen exhibited white to pale orange colonies and caused anthracnose symptoms 7 days post-inoculation. Re-isolation confirmed Koch’s postulates. Leaf extracts from selected Philippine plants, Senna alata (akapulko), Peperomia pellucida (pansit-pansitan), Psidium guajava (guava), and Sandoricum koetjape (santol), were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro tests, autoclaved extracts showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in mycelial growth, indicating no inhibition effect of the extract. As a protective treatment, autoclaved extracts resulted in smaller lesions than non-autoclaved extracts. Plant extracts did not exhibit phytotoxic effects on pepper fruits. Autoclaving the extracts had a limited impact as a curative treatment, showing no significant differences post-infection. These results suggest that heat treatment affects the effectiveness of the extracts in inhibiting the fungal pathogen and the disease it causes. Future studies that will identify the bioactive phytochemical or microbial components of the non-heated/non-autoclaved extracts are warranted.
Abstract Format
html
Abstract (Filipino)
Ang anthracnose ay isang seryosong sakit na nakakaapekto sa produksyon ng sili sa Asya, kabilang ang Pilipinas. Ang Colletotrichum scovillei ang fungal pathogen na nagdudulot ng malalim at maitim na lesyon sa prutas, na nagpapababa ng kalidad, ani, at nagdudulot ng pagkalugi sa mga magsasaka. Ayon sa mga pag-aaral, tumataas ang interes sa paggamit ng extracts ng halaman bilang alternatibong antifungal laban sa iba’t ibang Colletotrichum species. Gayunpaman, kakaunti pa rin ang mga pananaliksik na nakatuon partikular sa C. scovillei. Upang matugunan ito, isinagawa sa pag-aaral na ito ang pagkuha at pagkilala sa C. scovillei mula sa mga siling may sintomas ng anthracnose. Nagpakita ang pathogen ng kolonya na puti hanggang mapusyaw na kahel at nakapagdulot ng sintomas ng sakit pagkalipas ng pitong araw mula sa inokulasyon. Nakumpirma ang pagkakakilanlan nito alinsunod sa postulates ni Koch. Sinuri rin ang extracts ng dahon ng apat na halaman sa Pilipinas, ang Senna alata (akapulko), Peperomia pellucida (pansit-pansitan), Psidium guajava (bayabas), at Sandoricum koetjape (santol), sa pamamagitan ng in vitro at in vivo tests. Sa in vitro test, walang makabuluhang diperensya (p > 0.05) sa paglago ng mycelia gamit ang autoclaved extracts, at hindi nito napigilan ang paglago ng fungus. Sa protective assay, nagdulot ang autoclaved extracts sa mas maliit na lesyon kumpara sa non-autoclaved extracts. Napatunayan din na hindi nagdulot ng anumang pinsala o phytotoxicity sa sili ang extracts. Samantala, bilang isang curative na paggamot, kakaunti lamang ang naging epekto ng autoclaved extracts, at walang makabuluhang pagkakaiba ang naitala. Ipinahihiwatig ng mga resulta na nakaaapekto ang heat treatment sa bisa ng mga extracts ng halaman laban sa C. scovillei at sa sakit na dulot nito. Iminumungkahi para sa mga susunod na pananaliksik ang pagtukoy sa mga bioactive compounds o microbial components na maaaring responsable sa antifungal na epekto ng mga non-autoclaved extracts.
Abstract Format
html
Language
English
Format
Electronic
Keywords
Colletotrichum; Anthracnose; Peppers—Diseases and pests; Plant extracts
Recommended Citation
Bautista, H. C., De Guzman, E. M., Rivera, P. R., & Yap, I. J. (2025). Evaluation of leaf extracts from selected Philippine plants against Colletotrichum scovillei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, the causal agent of anthracnose in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Retrieved from https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etdb_bio/176
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Embargo Period
11-26-2025
