Estimation of on-site parameters of infiltration models in determining rainfall excess for a watershed

Nestor L. Sy

Date of Publication

1996

Document Type

Master's Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science in Civil Engineering

Subject Categories

Civil and Environmental Engineering

College

Gokongwei College of Engineering

Department/Unit

Civil Engineering

Thesis Adviser

Renan Tanhueco

Defense Panel Chair

Dr. Andres Oreta

Defense Panel Member

Alfonso Dela Cruz
Joseph Manalo

Abstract/Summary

The response of a catchment to single rainfall events is estimated using the Horton (1940), Green-Ampt (1911) and Philip (1957) models in the Dona Rita-Nasipit catchment. Double-ring infiltrometer tests were performed in the field to ascertain the parameters in the Horton model. The soil physical properties (percent sand, percent silt and porosity) were determined in the laboratory by taking samples from within the watershed. The parameters of the Green-Ampt and Philip models were determined from these soil properties using the relations of Rawls-Brakensiek (1985) from soil data. Using rainfall data for the year 1995, the runoff hydrograph was simulated and compared to the actual hydrograph of the catchment.Results indicate that rainfall excess determined using the Green-Ampt model better simulate the actual discharge hydrographs than the Philip and Horton model. The Green-Ampt assumption of one-dimensional coarse-textured and initially dry soil system was best represented in the basin and the rainfall events.

Measurements were made in the field to evaluate the significance of certain factors affecting infiltration like presence or absence of vegetation, direction of subsurface flow, presence of gravel and roots in the soil profile. Infiltrometer tests show that stemflow points in vegetated areas have higher infiltration rates than through fall points. The consideration of interception in the model calculations would decrease the discharge volume as it will be an amount deducted to the gross rainfall. Paint tests were made in the field in order to assess the flow path which the water takes. Generally, the flow path is vertical the presence of roots and gravel in the soil material would cause lateral subsurface movement of flow especially in sloped areas. Moreover, permeability tests show that these gravel and roots in soil material tend to give higher conductivity values. These promote subsurface flow as a major form of water movement and increase the calculated runoff volume when used with the models.

Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Print

Accession Number

TG02548

Shelf Location

Archives, The Learning Commons, 12F Henry Sy Sr. Hall

Physical Description

88 numb. leaves

Keywords

Watersheds; Rainfall reliability; Seepage; Groundwater flow; Water table; Parameter estimation; Mathematical models; x3 Infiltration

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