Effect of particle size, solvent, and extraction time on tannin extract from spondias purpurea bark through soxhlet extraction

Date of Publication

2014

Document Type

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

Subject Categories

Chemical Engineering

College

Gokongwei College of Engineering

Department/Unit

Chemical Engineering

Thesis Adviser

Florinda T. Bacani

Defense Panel Member

Luis Razon

Anamy Paano

Abstract/Summary

Tannis are phytochemical polyphenols that have wide range of uses in industries such as the leather tanning, textile dyeing, ink, wood adhesive, and wine industries. Their many uses make them significant and in demand in various industries. Throughout time, many different trees have been studied to determine their tannin content. In this study, the tannin content of Spondias purpurea or siniguelas bark was explored due to the lack of information and studies on the species. This study aimed to investigate the effects of particle size, solvent type and extraction time on the extraction of tannin from its bark through Soxhlet extraction. The ratios of solvent used were ethanol-water solutions at 0:1, 1:1, and 0.5:9.5. The extraction time was also varied at 4, 6, and 8 hours. The extracts were then analyzed using a Perkin Elmer High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/VIS detector. The HPLC was performed using a reversed phase C-18 column as the stationary phase, and methanol (Solvent A) and 1:25 aqueous acetic acid solution (Solvent B) as the mobile phase. It was confirmed that extraction parameters varied in this study affected the yield of tannin in the extract. Finer particle sizes can produce a higher yield of tannin as long as agglomeration in the extractor does not occur. Moreover, a longer extraction time produces a higher yield. Solvents with higher amount of ethanol gave better yields of tannin. Pure water, as a solvent, gave the lowest amounts of tannin due to the solubility of proteins the 95% ethanol was the most effective. It was observed that 95% ethanol with the longest extraction time of 8 hours gave the highest percentage yield of 19.19% and 17.13% from 10 grams of bark. The model generated that gave an insignificant lack of fit was quadratic. Using ANOVA, the P-value obtained from the model was less than 0.0001,

Abstract Format

html

Language

English

Format

Print

Accession Number

TU20071

Shelf Location

Archives, The Learning Commons, 12F, Henry Sy Sr. Hall

Physical Description

ix, 89 leaves : illustrations (some colored) ; 28 cm. + ; 1 computer optical disc.

Keywords

Tannin plants; Tanning; Hides and skins

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