A Systematic Review of the Intellectual Property Landscape of Brain-Controlled Wheelchairs

Proponent/s Name/s (Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial)

• Shane Audrey D. Janda, De La Salle University - Laguna CampusFollow
• Javer E. Langco, De La Salle University - Laguna CampusFollow
• Beatriz M. Lood, De La Salle University - Laguna CampusFollow
• James Matthew E. Zavalla, De La Salle University - Laguna CampusFollow

Document Types

Paper Presentation

Research Theme (for Paper Presentation and Poster Presentation submissions only)

Computer and Software Technology, and Robotics (CSR)

School Name

De La Salle University - Laguna Campus

Track or Strand

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Research Advisor (Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial)

Munsayac, Francisco Emmanuel T.

Start Date

25-6-2026 10:30 AM

End Date

25-6-2026 12:00 PM

Zoom Link/ Room Assignment

DLSU Laguna Campus (In-person) - Enrique K. Razon Jr. Hall - EKR 402

Abstract/Executive Summary

The rapid development of neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled individuals who have mobility disabilities to use brain-controlled wheelchairs (BCWs). BCWs use brain-computer interface (BCI) technology to translate thoughts into commands to control mobility devices. However, as neurotechnology develops quickly, there are concerns over intellectual property (IP) protection, patent governance, and equitable access. This study explored the IP landscape for BCWs by analyzing global BCW patents and relevant literature from 2020 to 2025, focusing on technological claims, assignees, jurisdictions, and innovation clusters. A systematic review of patent and academic literature was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. These findings reveal a tremendous shift toward developing AI-powered, semi-automated (hybrid BCI architecture) BCWs that utilize advanced signaling and intelligent navigation systems. Additionally, findings from this study show that strong patent protection/lack of access to the necessary technology (for example, due to high production costs) can create an "accessibility paradox" for BCWs (affordability/accessibility), especially in underdeveloped areas. Thus, despite BCWs representing a tremendous leap forward in the use of assistive technologies, they need to be governed by balanced laws to enable ethical creation and equitable distribution of innovative products.

Keywords

brain-computer interface; intellectual property; patents; brain-controlled wheelchair; neurotechnology

Initial Consent for Publication

yes

Statement of Originality

yes